Periodontal diseases are the diseases that are related to
the teeth. Peri means ‘ around or peripheral ‘ and odontal means ‘ teeth’. Our
teeth are supported by structures called gums, cementum, ligament, and bone. The
inflammation or infections of these structures surrounding the teeth is termed
as periodontal disease.
Now the question
arises what causes Periodontal Disease?
We think that bacteria only live in our surrounding
environment but it is not true. There is a number of bacteria that live in our
mouth and they are the cause of periodontal disease. Bacteria along with mucus
and other particles form a sticky substance called ‘Plaque’. If plaque is not
treated on time, it forms in a hard substance called ‘Tartar’. Plaque can be
formed on the teeth, between the teeth, and on gumline also. This deposition of
dental plaque leads to the degradation of the tooth.
Other factors that can enhance the periodontal disease are
smoking, diabetes, poor nutrition, stress, and improper brushing.
Types of Periodontal Disease:
Gingivitis
Periodontitis
Gingivitis: It is an inflammatory condition characterized
by redness and swelling of gums, bleeding of gums during brushing. This disease
can be both severe and can persist for a long time if not treated early. It can
result in inflammation of both gum and tissue surrounding the teeth.
Periodontitis: when
inflammation reaches to the jaw bone of the teeth, causing severe degradation
of the teeth is termed as periodontitis. Periodontitis can occur only after
gingivitis. Plaque that formed releases certain enzymes that in return cause
damage to the bone cells.
Prevention to Periodontal Disease:
Brush
properly and daily to prevent plaque to deposit.
Flossing technique can help in removing plaque.
Avoid
smoking, stress and take healthy diet to prevent tooth decay.
Visit
dentist on a regular basis to keep teeth healthy.
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